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Why Use A Sauna in the Summer?

Saunas are considered by many to be a seasonal activity with the primary objective of warming the body up from the cold winter temperatures. In reality, your sauna experience is a medicinal treatment that benefits the body year round. For the same reasons that a person wouldn’t stop taking medication or engaging in healthcare protocol during the summer, it remains important to continue to sauna throughout the summer months. 

There are precautions to take if you plan to continue sauna bathing during the summer months to ensure continued safety and well being. It is important to be cognizant of always staying well hydrated at any time of the year, but particularly during the hot summer months. If you have been sweating profusely outside during gardening, beach time, or exercise, then perhaps, that might be a day that you skip the sauna to preserve the homeostasis of your body. While you may sauna less often in the summer, remember that a sauna is much more than just a way to warm up. 

To sauna regularly throughout the year is to invest in your health, quality of life, and longevity.

The summer months may also be a great time of year to introduce contrast therapy, also known as cold plunges, after your sauna. For some the idea of cold therapy is inaccessibly uncomfortable, so the summer heat may be a good time of year to begin to experiment with cold therapy. 

Redefining Sauna Use as a Medicinal Practice: Sweat Lodges, Traditional Finnish Saunas, Turkish Hammans

For many, the thought of going into a sauna amidst  a snowy winter’s eve seems like the ideal, and perhaps, even the only, time to sauna. As more scientific data is revealed, the collective medical community now understands that regular sauna use is so much more than a recreational activity, but moreover, may have long lasting positive effects for very real and dangerous diseases.

As society begins to change its perception of sauna use, it may be revelatory to be reminded of how saunas and overall heat therapy have been used by humans historically. Across cultures, time, and geographical spaces, humans have turned to  spaces of intentional and active sweating to heal the body, purify the mind, and even to connect to a higher power. (1) For millennia, the use of heat therapy as seen in sweat lodges of the indigenous people of the Americas, to traditional Finnish saunas, and Turkish Hammans, the opportunity to use heat as a means to creating an artificial fever has aided in maintaining optimal health for a variety of ailments. 

Historically, sweat lodges, traditional Finnish saunas and many other cultures have used their respective heat therapy protocol year round. If you can begin to perceive your sauna experience in a way that is more aligned with how our ancestors did, it may give you the extra push to continue to sauna throughout the summer months. 

Furthermore, if looking and feeling your best is important to you as more of ‘you’ is on display in the summer months, it may be worthwhile reminding yourself of the dramatic effect that regular sauna use has on the physical appearance of your body

Bikini Season & a Substitute for Outdoor Exercise: Use a Sauna Throughout the Summer Months to Maintain Your Ideal Body Shape

Regular sauna use may help to lose excess weight and maintain your desired physical shape. Sauna use not only induces copious amounts of sweat to purify the body, but engages the cardiovascular system in a way that mimics moderate exercise. In order for the body to reach the point where temperature regulation begins to occur, a host of physiological responses must occur, all of which burn calories and help to keep you fit. 

If you are feeling self conscious of your current body shape and would like to feel more confident during bathing suit season, then consider keeping up with your regular sauna routine!

Oftentimes exercising during the summer months can become prohibitive with the intensity of the strong sun. If you are looking for alternatives to your normal walk or run, you may want to consider sauna bathing as a substitute for your typical exercise routine to help keep you out of the sun. (2)

The heat of the summer months may be a great time to begin to introduce cold therapy after your sauna. Cold therapy is incredibly effective in converting white fat to brown fat, where there are five times as many mitochondria per cell. (3) If the thought of cold therapy is off putting to you, then cooling down after a sauna during the warmer season may be a great time to introduce the cold plunge!

Regular Sauna Use Year Round: Remember The Benefits

  • Improved heat shock protein production
  • Better circulation
  • Decrease in inflammation
  • Pain management
  • Stabilized mitochondrial metabolism
  • Weight Loss
  • Lower Blood Pressure
  • Sleep more deeply and soundly
  • Balanced autonomic nervous system
  • Boosted collagen production
  • Injury recovery
  • Less joint pain

The list of health benefits from regular sauna use can go on to fill pages and pages, however, it is important to remember that in order to benefit from sauna use it is not merely a question of a one time stop. Sauna use as a lifestyle is what ultimately creates the long lasting and profoundly positive health benefits. (3)

The National Library of Medicine has published thousands of peer reviewed journals on the health benefits of regular sauna use (which continue to be true during the summer months). Here is an excerpt from one of many published works on the benefits of sauna use beyond for recreational purposes: 

“Emerging evidence suggests that beyond its use for pleasure, sauna bathing may be linked to several health benefits, which include reduction in the risk of vascular diseases such as high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, and neurocognitive diseases; nonvascular conditions such as pulmonary diseases; mortality; as well as amelioration of conditions such as arthritis, headache, and flu. The beneficial effects of sauna bathing on these outcomes have been linked to its effect on circulatory, cardiovascular, and immune functions.” (4)

Even though it may seem like more of a chore to get in the sauna at least three times a week during the summer months, it is important to keep up regular protocol in order to reap the health benefits associated with regular sauna bathing.

Science has produced overwhelming evidence of the benefits of regular sauna use, now it is only a matter of each individual following through with time in the sauna, even during the hot summer months!

Precautions: Hydration, Temperature, Duration, and Frequency Changes During The Summer Months

While most individuals are encouraged to continue with their regular sauna protocol throughout the summer months, there are a few more precautions that ought to be taken by everyone using saunas year round. 

Primarily, hydration must be upheld to the maximum extent possible during the warmer summer months. Particularly if you are living without air conditioning, then you will likely be sweating throughout the day to regulate internal temperature and will need to be vigilant about water intake. Even going outside during the summer for activities can induce sweating and the evaporation of water off of the surface of the skin which makes hydration a priority to maintain optimal health. This means that it is imperative to drink plenty of water rich in minerals throughout the entire day: It may be wise to consider including beverages that include electrolytes.

Those living with hypertension, pregnant women, and children should take special precautions when using a sauna during the summer months, if they use it at all. As always, if you have any doubts about using a sauna at any time of the year, including the summer months, always consult with a medical professional who can professionally advise you on an individual level.

Sources Cited:

  1. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/sweat-lodge
  2. https://www.foundmyfitness.com/episodes/medcram-sauna
  3. https://www.soeberginstitute.com/research
  4. Laukkanen JA, Laukkanen T, Kunutsor SK. Cardiovascular and Other Health Benefits of Sauna Bathing: A Review of the Evidence. Mayo Clin Proc. 2018 Aug;93(8):1111-1121. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.04.008. PMID: 30077204.
  5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30077204/

How To Safely Use Sauna and Cold Plunge Therapies Together

The use of cold plunge therapies and saunas have become ubiquitous across social media, and increasingly prevalent in spas and wellness centers. Used separately, or in tandem, both forms of therapies are incredibly beneficial to human physiology, but is there a specific protocol to follow to ensure the best possible results when using hot and cold therapies together?

What is the optimal way to use hot and cold therapies? Which should go first? Are there any dangers or risks associated with combining hot and cold therapies? Should the combination of therapies be avoided all together? What time of day should hot cold therapies be done?

Continue reading to find out what experts and medical professionals are saying about combining the cold plunge and sauna therapy to optimize health benefits and safety.

Benefits of Combining Cold Plunges With Sauna Therapy

  • Weight loss
  • Improved immunity
  • White fat cells to brown fat
  • Reduced inflammation
  • Better circulation
  • Muscle recovery
  • Stress reduction
  • Improved discipline
  • Hormetic effect
  • Glowing skin

Both sauna therapy and cold plunge therapies offer many crossover benefits, and one might wonder why do both instead of just one or the other? The basic hormetic effect of intentional positive stress on the body are present with exercise, sauna use, and cold therapy. While it is true that many of the benefits that sauna therapy purports can be found in cold therapy as well, there are a few major differences. By combining both types of treatments in a safe manner the benefits become exponential.

A significant benefit that sauna use offers that is not found in cold therapy is fairly obvious: Sweating or perspiring. The act of sweating in order to regulate internal body temperature activates the cardiovascular system in very unique ways that mimics some of the benefits of cardiovascular exercise. (3) 

Furthermore, sweating is beneficial because it capitalizes on the largest organ of the human body, the epidermis, to detoxify the body from harmful pathogens and substances. The obvious lack of sweating in cold therapy means that the use of cold plunges does not detoxify the body, even though it is helpful in many other ways. 

The second important distinguishing feature is that saunas do not convert white fat into brown fat at the same rate as cold therapy (This process is important as brown fat has up to five times as many mitochondria compared to white fat cells) (4). Although, it is true that the use of near infrared light and color light therapy are necessary for photobiomodulation: The positive altering of mitochondrial metabolism, the use of an infrared sauna with red color light does not initiate mitochondrial biogenesis, even though it enhances mitochondrial function

The chart below very briefly indicates health benefits that are shared between infrared saunas, traditional saunas, and cold therapies, as well as their differences.

Comparison Chart:

Health BenefitsInfrared SaunasTraditional SaunasCold plunge
HSP ProductionYesYesYes
Improves ImmunityYesYesYes
HormesisYesYesYes
Increased CirculationYesYesYes
DetoxificationYesYesNo
Mitochondrial BiogenesisNoNoYes
PhotobiomodulationYesNoNo
White to Brown FatNoNoYes
Cardiovascular WorkoutYesYesNo
Collagen ProductionYesNoNo
Improves SleepYesYesYes

Norepinephrine & Converting White Fat to Brown Fat Exclusively Through Cold Therapy

For many individuals it may seem much more desirable to just use saunas and skip cold therapies altogether. While one can get just as many health benefits from sauna therapies as cold therapy, and probably more, cold plunge therapy offers one very specific and important health benefit that is not easily attained in any other modality.

What the cold plunge is able to do that the sauna is not is its ability to convert white fat to brown fat. You are probably wondering why this matters for humans, as the thought of white versus brown meat seems more suitable to a thanksgiving meal…but keep reading.

Dr Susanna Soeberg of Denmark is an expert in the field of contrast therapy and she comments the following:

“Brown fat, a type of healthy fat stored around the spine that acts as our body’s temperature regulator, boosts metabolism and can even aid blood-sugar response and weight control. The more we expose ourselves to the cold, the more brown fat cells we have. So it’s a case of use it or lose it.” (5)

The release of Norepinephrine in response to cold is made in the adrenal glands, as well as the central nervous system, and is both a hormone as well as a neurotransmitter. Moreover, it is the release of norepinephrine that is responsible for the conversion of white fat into brown fat. This is important because the conversion process that activates brown fat is linked to mitochondrial biogenesis. Mitochondria are the energy plants of each individual cell, and scientists now understand that brown fat has at least five times as many mitochondria compared to white fat, and the only way to activate brown fat and therefore mitochondrial biogenesis is through the release of norepinephrine as a direct causation from cold exposure. (3)

Given that it is only through cold exposure that norepinephrine is released, even if sauna use is part of your regular daily routine it is definitely worth considering the addition of a cold plunge or even just a cold shower. So, what is the best type of cold exposure?

What Type of Cold Therapies Are Available Today: Cold Plunge, Ice Baths, Cold Showers, and Cryotherapy

There are a variety of cold exposure modalities from cold showers, ice baths, cold plunge pools, and cryotherapy. Many cultures around the world have intuitively used contrast therapy to improve health, but now there are many more accessible types of cold exposures available even if you do not live in a nordic climate.

As of yet, cryotherapy does not have nearly as much research or data available to properly quantify its long term effects on human physiology, so for the sake of this article, the focus is on cold plunges (33-65 degrees Fahrenheit), cold showers, and ice baths. 

Ice Baths have been found in locker rooms of varsity and professional sports teams for decades, and anyone who has spent any time competing as an athlete or in physical therapy knows how gruesome it can be to dip into an ice bath. They’ll also understand how powerful the effects are on muscle recovery. 

With years of research available now, we understand that it is very specifically the increase of mitochondrial biogenesis that creates such positive effects from ice baths for athletes and anyone recovering from injury. Naturally, the anti-inflammatory effects of cold therapy also aid tremendously in reducing pain in the joints and muscles. 

According to neuroscientist Dr. Andrew Huberman of Stanford University, access to a cold shower is the minimum requirement for cold therapy and can go a long way to improving an individual’s health. An ice bath may be more effective than a cold shower, and is also more financially accessible than a cold plunge tank, which can run upwards of $10 0000 USD.(1) As research continues to evolve in the field of contrast therapy, more data may be revealed surrounding cryotherapy, however for now, what you can easily access from your home is all you need to reap the benefits of cold therapy.

Is It Better To Use a Sauna First or Cold Plunge First? 

The overwhelming consensus among experts is that it is best to end with cold therapy after your sauna. (1) In order to fully benefit from cold exposure it is important that after the cold plunge you allow thermoregulation to happen naturally within the body to release norepinephrine, and therefore benefit from the increase in mitochondrial biogenesis. (1) If possible, avoid towel drying and truly allow for thermogenesis to occur! 

While it is possible to engage in cold therapy before your sauna, you will benefit more from the effects of the cold plunge after the sauna is used. Another significant factor that may dictate how one uses contrast therapy is time of day dependent as well as the total amount of time spent in cold exposure.

What Time of day Should You Cold Plunge and/or Sauna?

Body temperature increases are associated with states of wakefulness, whereas body temperature decreases tend to induce sleepy states. Naturally, it is best to engage in cold plunge treatments earlier in the day to help induce states of alert wakefulness and focus. (1)

The ability to ‘fall’ asleep is associated with internal body temperatures decreasing. To help encourage this temperature change it is best to sauna before bed to help induce a deeper sleep.

Of course, a sauna at any time of the day is better than no sauna at all. However, in terms of combining cold therapy with sauna therapy a basic rule of thumb to follow: Sauna to sleep and cold plunge to wake-up! 

How Much Time is Needed in a Cold Plunge Per Week Versus Time Spent in the Sauna?

Experts’ opinions vary in recommendations for how much time is enough time spent in a sauna to truly benefit from the heat exposure, but more or less a minimum of 3-4 times per week for 20 minutes is required to optimize the benefit of sauna use. Whereas it turns out that much less time is needed in a cold plunge to benefit from white to brown fat conversion, which may be quite a relief for those who are cold resistant!

After careful analysis of the data, Dr. Huberman has discovered that in order to get the benefits of norepinephrine release (and therefore more mitochondrial biogenesis) an individual only needs to be exposed to cold therapy for a total of 11 minutes a week. (1) It is safe to spend more time than this in cold exposure, however, for anyone who has a busy schedule, 11 minutes a week is all you need to benefit from cold therapy. 

Potential Risks  and Contraindications of Using Hot and Cold Therapies In Conjunction

Sauna use is not for everyone and certainly cold plunges are not advisable for anyone suffering from specific health concerns. Exposure to cold directly after sauna use may induce states of shock in some individuals.

Before beginning any new physical activity or healthcare protocol it is best to consult with a healthcare professional beforehand. Pregnant women, children, and the elderly should take special precautions when engaging in contrast therapy, or either sauna or cold plunge use on their own. 

For more direct and elaborate information on combination therapies of cold plunge use with sauna therapy you can visit the websites of these PhD experts in the field: 

Dr. Rhonda Patrick( www.foundmyfitness.com)

Dr. Susanna Soeberg (https://www.soeberginstitute.com/ 

Dr. Andrew Huberman (https://hubermanlab.com/)

Sources Cited:

  1. https://hubermanlab.com/the-science-and-use-of-cold-exposure-for-health-and-performance/
  2. https://michaelkummer.com/health/ice-bath-and-sauna/
  3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XaLd5w6zF7A
  4. https://drchatterjee.com/the-new-science-of-cold-exposure-reduce-stress-boost-immunity-increase-resilience-with-dr-susanna-soberg/
  5. https://www.soeberginstitute.com/
  6. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5udactTA5IY&list=PLwAWbIQiqJ0D2gn5UJBPSOzvLROyqSl7f